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Cited by 430Wildlife Ecology and ConservationRangeland and Wildlife ManagementAnimal Ecology and Behavior Studies

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Effects of summer-autumn nutrition and parturition date on reproduction and survival of elk

COOK, JOHN G., JOHNSON, BRUCE K., COOK, RACHEL C., RIGGS, ROBERT A., DELCURTO, TIM, BRYANT, LARRY D., IRWIN, LARRY L.·2004·Wildlife Monographs
DOI 10.2193/0084-0173(2004)155[1:eosnap]2.0.co;2
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Abstract

Recent declines in numbers and juvenile recruitment in many elk (Cervus elaphus) herds in the western U.S. has sparked interest in factors that may cause these declines. Inadequate nutrition or delayed parturition, the latter of which may be caused by inadequate numbers of mature bulls (i.e., highly skewed sex ratios), may have separate or synergistic effects on population dynamics and productivity. We evaluated the implications of late parturition and summer-autumn nutrition on reproduction and survival of Rocky Mountain elk (C. e. nelsoni) using a captive herd of 57 cow elk. We induced early (Sep) and late breeding (Oct) and 3 levels of summer-autumn nutrition on the cows. Food was offered ad libitum at 3 levels of digestible energy (DE): high = 2.9-3.0 kcal of DE/g of diets, medium = 2.6-3.0 kcal/g, and low = 2.3-3.0 kcal/g. Within these ranges, DE content was gradually reduced from late June through early November to mimic seasonal changes in the wild. During summer and autumn, we measured calf growth; body mass, nutritional condition, and breeding dynamics of cows; and growth and pregnancy of yearlings. We also measured carry-over (i.e., time-lag) responses including over-winter calf and cow survival and parturition date and birth mass, as functions of previous summer-autumn nutrition and previous parturition date. Between autumn 1995 and spring 1998, we conducted 2 years of parturition-date, summer-autumn nutrition experiments, 2 winters of calf survival experiments, an…

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Metadata

Authors
COOK, J. G., JOHNSON, B. K., COOK, R. C., RIGGS, R. A., DELCURTO, T., BRYANT, L. D., & IRWIN, L. L.
Affiliations
  • National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (US)
  • Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (US)
  • Boise Cascade Corporation, 1917 Jackson Street, La Grande, OR 97850, USA.
  • Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, 372 South Tenth, Union, OR 97883, USA.
  • US Forest Service (US)
ORCID
Venue
Wildlife Monographs
Publisher
Wildlife Society
Published
2004-01
Volume
155
Issue
1
Pages
1-61
ISSN
  • 0084-0173 (ISSN-L)
  • 1938-5455
DOI
10.2193/0084-0173(2004)155[1:eosnap]2.0.co;2
OpenAlex
W2120240519
Cited by
430
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 12
FWCI
16.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
Wildlife Monographs (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
Keywords
elk, Rocky Mountain elk, Cervus elaphus nelsoni, parturition date, digestible energy, calf growth, calf survival, cow survival, residual effects, fat mass, reproductive success, sex ratio, population decline, birth mass, winter survival, nutritional status, conception timing

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